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  • Happiness in developing countries: can government competitiveness substitute for formal institutions?
  • 2021.03.30 Chung, K. H. & Im. T
  • Accumulated empirical studies have examined how various qualities of governance affect happiness across countries. This study contributes to prior studies by testing a hypothesis that when developing countries lack effective legal and political institutions, capable government may substitute for their functions to promote happiness via effecꠓtive policy planning and implementation. To test this expectation, this study compares which qualities of governance—government capacity, democracy, and..
  • Organization Performance in Turbulent Environments: The Contingent Role of Administrative Intensity in Hurricane Rita
  • 2019.10.10 Ryu, S. & Christensen, R. K
  • This study uses a natural experiment of school performance during Hurricane Rita in 2005 to investigate the impact of administrative intensity on student achievement in turbulent environments. Administrative intensity constitutes the bureaucratic capacity of the workforce, which we measure as a ratio of noncore to core personnel. Scholars have debated the contingent impact of administrative intensity on organizational performance and policy outcomes—focusing either on its contribution to orga..
  • How Does Race Affect Perceptions of Police Trustworthiness?
  • 2019.10.10 Kim,Min-Hyu , Porumbescu, G.A. & Neshkova, M.I.
  • While race is often discussed in relation to police, there is still little empirical evidence on the role of race in shaping citizens’ evaluations of government performance. Using an experimental design, this study examines how different levels of police performance affect perceptions of police trustworthiness and to which degree observed effects vary by individual race and across communities with different racial makeups. Specifically, we study the effect of different levels of performance o..
  • The Effects of Police Performance On Agency Trustworthiness and Citizen Participation
  • 2019.10.10 Porumbescu, G. A., Neshkova, M.I. & Huntoon, M.
  • We examine the effect of performance information on citizens’ willingness to engage with government. We hypothesize that when performance information is positive, citizens perceive government as trustworthy, which increases proclivity for participation. To validate this framework, we conduct an experiment that tests the effect of police performance on citizens’ perceptions of police trustworthiness and intentions to participate in a neighbourhood watch programme. We find that information ab..
  • Exchange Ideology, Performance Pay, and Pay Satisfaction: Evidence From South Korean Central Government
  • 2019.10.10 Campbell, J. W., & Im, T
  • The use of performance pay in public organizations is contentious partly because it can crowd out the intrinsic motivation associated with public service. However, not all public employees are service oriented and sensitivity to extrinsic rewards varies between them. Exchange ideology measures the strength of an individual’s belief that work effort should be proportional to treatment by the organization. We argue that this psychological trait conditions the relationship between performance pa..
  • What influences the influence of U.S. Courts of Appeals decisions?
  • 2019.10.10 Szmer, J., Christensen, R.K., & Grubbs, S.J
  • In this exploratory study, we develop models of factors that influence the citation or influence of judicial opinions written by U.S. Courts of Appeals judges. Prior studies of citation patterns in the U.S. Courts of Appeals largely focus on the judge’s career as the unit of analysis. Not surprisingly, this research suggests judge-level factors tend to influence the degree to which judges’ opinions are cited in subsequent decisions. Utilizing a dataset with a random sample of individual case..
  • Linking Decision-Making Procedures to Decision Acceptance and Citizen Voice: Evidence From Two Studies
  • 2019.10.10 Porumbescu, G. A., & Grimmelikhuijsen, S
  • [Abstract]Government decision-making procedures and transparency ensure responsive governance. Yet, there are few attempts to assess how these two factors shape citizens’ intentions to voice opposition to government decisions. We predict that the effect of decision-making procedures on voice is contingent upon the fairness of government decision-making procedures. We also hypothesize that the strength of this effect will vary according to how transparent the decision-making process is. We tes..
  • Performance management and job-goal alignment: A conditional process model of turnover intention in the public sector
  • 2019.10.10 Kalgin, A., Podolskiy, D., Parfenteva, D., & Campbell, J. W
  • [Abstract]Purpose – The use of performance management (PM) tools is a defining characteristic of public sector management. However, while research on PM is extensive, comparatively little focuses on how the practice shapes the attitudes and behavior of employees. The purpose of this paper is to address this question anddevelop a conditional process model that links PM to turnover intention. The model predicts that the PM-turnover relationship is mediated by job satisfaction and moderated by j..
  • Citizen satisfaction under changing political leadership: The role of partisan motivated reasoning
  • 2019.10.10 Jilke, S
  • AbstractThere exists a gap in our understanding of what citizen satisfaction evaluations actually represent. While recent years have witnessed a move away from performance-based models to cognitive-implicit models of citizen satisfaction, the inherent political nature of government, its institutions and services has been largely ignored. Drawing upon the functional responsibility chain between political principals and governmental, public service delivering institutions, we outline a theory o..
  • Efficiency, Incentives, and Transformational Leadership: Understanding Collaboration Preferences in the Public Sector
  • 2019.10.10 Jesse W. Campbell
  • In the public sector, participant attitudes are an important determinant of the success of inter-organizational collaboration initiatives. In this study, a model of employee willingness to collaborate is proposed in which the influence of transformational leadership is determined in part by the performance orientation of the organizational context in which it is enacted. The theoretical model is tested empirically using survey data collected from public employees in South Korea and regression-..
  • Felt responsibility for change in public organizations: general and sector-specific paths
  • 2019.10.10 Jesse W. Campbell
  • Employees may be a source of performance-enhancing innovation or an obstacle to its implementation. This article develops a model of felt responsibility for change that integrates general and public sector-specific components. Structural equation modelling using survey data collected from Korean government employees suggests that both transformational leadership and performance-based incentives influence change attitudes by strengthening an organization’s climate for innovation. The analysis ..
  • Assessing the implications of online mass media for citizens’ evaluations of government
  • 2019.10.10 Gregory A.P
  • When assessing the potential of information and communications technology (ICT) to improve relationships between citizens and their government, public management research tends to focus on government applications of ICT and neglects implications resulting from private actors use of ICT. Given the rapid growth in private online mass media outlets over the past decade, this negligence is problematic because it biases our understanding of the implications of ICTs for citizens’ relationship with ..
  • Evaluating Inrole and Extrarole Behaviors Across Sectors. Public Personnel Management
  • 2019.10.10 Christensen, R. K., & Whiting, S. W
  • In this study, we explore whether sector distinguishes what we know about performance appraisals. We were particularly interested in two important aspects of the appraisal process: evaluation of inrole/task and extrarole/citizenship behaviors. We utilized a mixed experimental design with three within-subjects factors (task behavior and two types of extrarole behavior), each manipulated at two levels (high and low performance), and a between-subjects factor measuring sector of the respondent (p..
  • Public service motivation and ethical behavior: Evidence from three experiments
  • 2019.10.10 Christensen, R. K., & Wright, B. E
  • Public service motivation (PSM) research has grown rapidly in the last several decades, largely focused on the role of PSM in employment decisions and employee performance. More recently, researchers have raised the possibility that PSM may play a role in workplace ethical behavior. In this study we sought to empirically articulate this link with evidence from three experimental studies. Across three experiments our research fails to confirm the relationship between PSM and ethics. We measured..
  • Does neighborhood crime matter? A multi-year survey study on perceptions of race, victimization, and public safety
  • 2019.10.10 Cho, Wonhyuk, Ho, Alfred T
  • Using multiple large datasets over time from Kansas City, Missouri, hypotheses drawn from theories of racial stereotype amplification, violencedesensitization, and dissimilar group threat are tested. The results show that White Americans that live in Black or Hispanic neighborhoods tend to feel less satisfied with public safety, even after controlling for actual crime rates, physical signs of disorder, and a neighborhood's socioeconomic context. However, racial minority residents living in Whi..
  • Does transparency improve citizens’ perceptions of government performance? Evidence from Seoul, South Kore
  • 2019.10.10 Porumbescu, G. A
  • AbstractDespite a great deal of research that examines consequences of transparency policies, there have been few empirical assessments of the relationship between transparency and citizens’ perceptions of public sector performance. This study focuses upon the relationship between computer-mediated transparency and perceptions of public sector performance in particular. We hypothesize that citizens’ increased exposure to computer-mediated transparency will be positively related to their gene..
  • Linking transparency to trust in government and voice
  • 2019.10.10 Porumbescu, G.A
  • AbstractThe objective of this study is to provide a more nuanced assessment of the relationship between public sector transparency and trust in government. Specifically, we examine how different tools used to enhance transparency—social media and e-government websites—relate to citizens’ perceptions of government trustworthiness. We then examine how these relationships vary according to how frequently citizens exercise voice. Findings indicate respondents’ use of public sector social media..
  • Can transparency foster more understanding and compliant citizens?
  • 2019.10.10 Porumbescu, G. A., Lindeman, M. I., Ceka, E., & Cucciniello, M
  • Voluntary policy compliance is an important yet rarely studied topic in public administration. To address the paucity of research, this article proposes and empirically tests a conceptual framework that ties policy transparency and policy understanding to voluntary policy compliance intentions. The reasoning is that the extent to which citizens understand a policy contributes to their intentions to comply with that policy. Further, the authors argue that policy transparency indirectly influenc..
  • Dimensions of strategic intervention for risk reduction and mitigation: a case study of the MV Sewol incident
  • 2019.10.10 Oh, Namkyung
  • Organizations in disaster management system should learn from previous experience and strategically use their lesson for the refinement of a system’s competencies for risk management. However, the MV Sewol incident revealed the absence of the organizational learning in the Korean disaster management system. With mixed methods of content analysis, in-depth interview, and social network analysis, this study identified key failure factors in response to the incident and categorized them by manag..
  • When Extrinsic Rewards Become “Sour Grapes” An Experimental Study of Adjustments in Intrinsic and Prosocial Motivation
  • 2019.10.10 Kroll, A., & Porumbescu, G. A
  • [Abstract]This article challenges conventional wisdom put forward by the motivational crowding literature by examining whether hypothetical changes to incentive structures can cause variation in employee motivation. It links such motivational adjustments to theories of cognitive dissonance and self-rationalization, and thereby offers a more nuanced perspective on government reforms in the area of human resource management. The article puts forward the idea that expectations of few extrinsic re..
  • Measurement equivalence in replications of experiments: when and why it matters and guidance on how to determine equivalence
  • 2019.10.10 Jilke, S., Petrovsky, N., Meuleman, B., & James, O
  • [Abstract]Replications of experiments are typically conducted to verify initial findings, increase their external validity, or to study the boundary conditions of treatment effects. A crucial and implicitly made assumption is that outcome measures in experiments are sufficiently comparable (i.e., equivalent) across experimental settings. We argue that there are good reasons to believe that this equivalence assumption may not always be met and should therefore be tested empirically. Integrating..
  • Behavioural and experimental public administration: Emerging contributions and new directions
  • 2019.10.10 James, O., Jilke, S. R., & Van Ryzin, G. G
  • AbstractThis article introduces the symposium on the emerging subfield of behavioural public administration. The nine articles of the symposium each combine a focus on behavioural theory with the use of experiments as the method for testing theoretical expectations. The contribution of this work to public administration theory is revealed in the expanding set of insights into core topic areas, and there are associated contributions to public administration as a design science informing policy ..
  • Reconsidering the expectancy disconfirmation model, Three experimental replications.
  • 2019.10.10 Grimmelikhuijsen, S., & Porumbescu, G. A
  • [Abstract]The expectancy disconfirmation model (EDM) posits that disconfirmation (the difference between expectations and perceived performance) affects citizen satisfaction. Van Ryzin experimentally manipulated expectations and performance and found a direct effect of performance, but no disconfirmation. We performed: an exact replication; a conceptual replication with extreme manipulations; a conceptual replication that reversed the order of a performance and expectations manipulation. Study..
  • Urban pressures and innovations: Sustainability commitment in the face of fragmentation and inequality. Review of Policy Research
  • 2019.10.10 Deslatte, A., Feiock, R. C., & Wassel, K
  • AbstractLocal government innovations occur within environments characterized by high service‐need complexity and risk. The question of how broader environmental conditions influence governmental willingness or ability to innovate has been a long‐standing concern within organizational, management, and policy scholarship. Although wealth and education are robust predictors of the propensity to engage in a wide range of local sustainability activities, the linkages among governmental fragmentat..
  • Context matters: A Bayesian analysis of how organizational environments shape the strategic management of sustainable development
  • 2019.10.10 Deslatte, A., & Swann, W. L
  • AbstractPublic administration scholars have argued the need for a ‘general theory’ linking strategic management to the context in which public organizations operate. Understanding the interplay between organizational contexts and strategic management responses to urban sprawl and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remains an underexplored avenue for empirical advancement of this goal. Using 2015 survey data, we employ a novel Bayesian item response theory (IRT) approach to test how land use poli..
  • Hierarchies of need in sustainable development: A resource dependence approach for local governance
  • 2019.10.10 Deslatte, A., & Stokan, E
  • AbstractUrban sustainability is a burgeoning focus for urban scholarship but rarely examined within the larger context of local government economic activities. Why should cities focusing on cutback management and competition for tax revenues be expected to devote all but the fleetest of attention to carbon footprints or metropolitan-wide environmental or social problems? To address this question, we utilize a resource dependence (RD) theoretical framework to conceptualize sustainable developme..
  • 25 years of transparency research: evidence and future directions
  • 2019.10.10 Cucciniello, M., Porumbescu, G. A., & Grimmelikhuijsen, S
  • AbstractThis article synthesizes the cross-disciplinary literature on government transparency. It systematically reviews research addressing the topic of government transparency published between 1990 and 2015. The review used 187 studies to assess three questions: (1) what forms of transparency has the literature identified?; (2) what outcomes does the literature attribute to transparency?; and (3) how successful is transparency in achieving those goals? In addressing these questions, we revi..
  • Revisiting Bureaucratic Dysfunction: The Role of Bureaucracy in Democratization
  • 2019.10.02 Tobin, Im
  • [Abstract]While many studies have focused on the link between economics and democracy in exploring the strategies adopted by developing countries, they have tended to overlook the role of bureaucracy in democratization. This study seeks the missing link between bureaucracy and democratization. What are the conditions necessary for bureaucracy to facilitate the democratization process of a country? This article begins by briefly reviewing the bureaucracy literature from Max Weber and Karl Marx ..
  • Public Organizations in Asia
  • 2019.10.02 Tobin, Im
  • Public Organizations in Asia introduces students to the fundamental theories of organizations and teaches them how to analyze different types of public organizations in East and Southeast Asia. Moving away from traditional Western theory and examples, this textbook provides numerous case studies of Asian organizations where different ideologies, administrative tradition, and social circumstances prevail.Key pedagogical features of Public Organizations in Asia include:- Learning objectives for ..
  • Performance Budgeting Reform Theories and International Practices
  • 2019.10.02 Tobin Im, Jay H. Kwon
  • [Abstract]Using theoretical frameworks to explore the political, organizational, and cultural dynamics of performance budgeting, this book examines the adoption of performance budgeting in a variety of countries, how it has been implemented, and why it succeeded or failed. Chapters include case studies from a wide range of continents and regions including the U.S., Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. Each case study pays careful attention to the unique historic..
  • The Two Sides of Korean Administrative Culture: Competitiveness or Collectivism?
  • 2019.10.02 Tobin, Im
  • This book explores two contradictory aspects of the Korean culture: competitiveness and collectivism. These two major concepts describe the dynamics of Korean public organizations, which explain the Hangang RiverEconomic Miracle and political democratization. However, not many studies have focused on how competition within the central government, that is, competition among different agencies, has led to an overall competitive government. This book attempts to do so and explains how competition..
  • Higher Public Service Motivation for Accepting Public Sector Pension Reform? Evidence from Korean Government Organizations.
  • 2019.10.02 Kim, Y., Jung, Y., Seoh, D., & Im, T
  • [Abstract]Organizational reforms that employees do not voluntary accept are likely to negatively affect organizational effectiveness in the long term. We conducted an empirical analysis with survey data by reviewing related studies on public service motivation (PSM) and acceptance of organizational changes, the goal being to verify the relationship between government employees’ PSMand their acceptance of public sector pension reform in Korea. Results show that public servants highly driven by..
  • Felt responsibility for change in public organizations: general and sector-specific paths
  • 2018.11.12 Jesse W. Campbell
  • [ABSTRACT]Employees may be a source of performance-enhancing innovation or an obstacle to its implementation. This article develops a model of felt responsibility for change that integrates general and public sector-specific components. Structural equation modelling using survey data collected from Korean government employees suggests that both transformational leadership and performance-based incentives influence change attitudes by strengthening an organization’s climate for innovation. The..
  • Questionable Reform: The Adoption of the Double-Entry Bookkeeping and Accrual Basis Accounting System in Korea
  • 2018.05.09 Im, T., & Lee, H., & Lim, D.
  • [Abstract]This study examines the factors that influence human vulnerabilityto natural disasters by focusing on the seismic evaluation of school buildings inKorea. Since natural disasters such as an earthquake often do not take people’slives directly, but rather indirectly through the destruction of physical structures,seismic reinforcement of school buildings may reduce the vulnerability of theiroccupants by strengthening structures to withstand such disasters. Disastermitigation measures ar..
  • Risk Aversion and Sorting into the Public Sector: Evidence from South Korea
  • 2018.04.25 Yunjin Jung, Saerim Kim, Tobin Im
  • Young job seekers in South Korea who witnessed the financial crisis in the late 1990s, theso-called International Monetary Fund (IMF) Crisis, have naturally recognized job security as an important factor in job choice. Consequently, they have favored public sector jobs as these jobs tend to come with greater security. Furthermore, previous research has mainly focused on socioeconomic factors, like the IMF Crisis, influencing the preference for high job security among job seekers rather than on..
  • Rethinking National Competitiveness: A Critical Assessment of Governmental Capacity Measures
  • 2017.12.14 Im., T. & Choi, Y.
  • Scholars, policymakers, and media have increasingly focused on national competitiveness in the context of globalization and economic growth. This heightened attention underscores the importance of the many indices ranking government performance and effectiveness across countries. The four indices, government efficiency, public institutions, government effectiveness, and quality of government, have dominated this field. However, we found serious limitations they reveal, in terms of analytical s..
  • Aligning Needs and Capacities to Boost Government Competitiveness
  • 2017.12.14 Im, Tobin., & Hartley, K.
  • National competitiveness indices are often theoretical underdeveloped, limiting their engagement with academic literature. Because many are based on neoliberal ideology, a new approach is needed to incorporate governance and administration theory, and to enhance relevance to developing countries. This article introduces government competitiveness, a concept that recognizes overlooked factors like the role of social organizations, the use of diverse policy inputs and policy development processe..
  • The Experience of Democracy and Bureaucracy in South Korea
  • 2017.12.04 Tobin Im(Ed.)
  • The Experience of Democracy and Bureaucracy in South Korea Edited Tobin Im, Seoul National University, Korea 9781787144729 | 296 pages | Hardback | £66.95 €89.95 $114.95 http://bit.ly/2zlTE8d Save 30% with promo code EMERALD30 South Korea is renowned as one of the success stories of fast economic development. The Korean developmental state was a highly efficient, meritocratic, and fully monopolized coercive force. These resources were skilfully leveraged to shape the direction of private sect..
  • Job Choice and Performance: Revisiting Core Assumptions about Public Service Motivation.
  • 2016.05.26 Bradley E. Wright, Shahidul Hassan and Robert K. Christensen
  • Although there has been considerable enthusiasm for public service motivation (PSM) research in recent years, two of PSM's fundamental assumptions have been relatively untested: its impacts on job choice and on job performance. Using panel data from two different studies, we offer stronger observational tests of these core assumptions. The findings provide mixed evidence. When testing PSM's effect on employment choice, we find that PSM measured during a law student's first year predicts the se..
  • To Give or Not to Give: Employee Responses to Workplace Giving Campaigns Over Time.
  • 2016.05.26 Robert K. Christensen, Rebecca Nesbit, and Brett Agypt
  • In this article, we address a gap in our knowledge of workplace philanthropy. We explore the factors that distinguish givers from nongivers in workplace campaigns using observational data from a population of employees at a large, public university that has sponsored two annual giving campaigns from 2001 to 2008. The analyses correct for common issues—such as nonresponse and self-reporting biases—that frequently arise in empirical studies of philanthropy. This article is intended to suppleme..
  • Appraising the appraisal process: manager and patrol officer perspectives.
  • 2016.05.26 Megan LePere-Schloop, Brian N. Williams, Robert K. Christensen, and Daniel Silk
  • While research shows that performance appraisals are important both as management tools and for their ability to shape organisational commitment and performance, researchers have also noted a ‘pervasive dissatisfaction’ (Coutts and Schneider, 2004: 68) with appraisals in policing. The standardisation of performance appraisal systems across local government departments in the United States may contribute to this dissatisfaction. Standardised forms may be difficult to adapt to diverse officer ..
  • Inadvertent Volunteer Managers Exploring Perceptions of Volunteer Managers’ and Volunteers’ Roles in the Public Workplace.
  • 2016.05.26 Rebecca Nesbit, Heather Rimes, Robert K. Christensen, and Jeffrey L. Brudney
  • Although a voluminous literature addresses organizational change, employee stress, and organizational behavior, we have little understanding of employees’ responses to being assigned the role and responsibilities of a volunteer manager. Because many public and nonprofit organizations seek to incorporate more volunteers—especially during times of fiscal stress—employees’ responses to an influx of volunteers and additional volunteer management responsibilities can affect organizational perfo..
  • Identifying Student Traits and Motives to Service-Learn: Public Service Orientation Among New College Freshmen.
  • 2016.05.26 Robert K. Christensen, Justin M. Stritch, J. Edward Kellough, and Gene A. Brewer
  • Among college students, public service motives in uence choice of major or job. Although the link between public service motives and prosocial behavior has been established among working adults, researchers have not adequately examined how these motives a ect the reported behavior of precareer students. In this article, the authors explored how public service motives and certain demographic characteristics were related to the service orientation of college freshmen. More speci cally, they exam..
  • Gender, Race, and Dissensus on State Supreme Courts
  • 2016.05.26 John Szmer, Robert K. Christensen and Erin B. Kaheny
  • Objectives. The objectives of this study were to integrate multiple streams of research on judicial dissensus to better understand the causes of state court of last resort justices’ decisions to dissent. The study particularly focused on the relationship between dissent and gender and race (and their intersection) at the individual and panel level. Methods. We employed probit regression with clustered standard errors of the population of state court of last resort cases from 1995 to 1998. Res..
  • Looking at a job’s social impact through PSM tinted lenses: Probing the motivation – perception relationship.
  • 2016.05.26 Justin M. Stritch and Robert K. Christensen
  • We explore here the relationship between employees' public service motives and the way they perceive the social impact of their work. Our purpose is twofold. First, while past researchers have examined part of this relationship, largely from the opposite causal direction, we seek to supplement the field's current understanding of the organizational consequences of public service motivation (PSM), especially its potential impact on an employee's perceived social impact. Together with a cross-se..
  • Leading, Following or Complementing in Economic Crisis: A Conceptual Model Illustrating Nonprofit Relationships with Public Schools.
  • 2016.05.26 Laurie Paarlberg, Rebecca Nesbit, Richard Clerkin and Robert Christensen
  • Public and nonprofit organizations, entwined in the delivery of public goods and services, are in the midst of challenging economic times. In these circumstances, sound collaborative leadership may help bridge budget and program service delivery shortfalls. In this paper, we examine the administrative dynamics of mutual reliance between two prominent public and nonprofit organizations: public schools and parent-teacher groups (PTGs). We conclude that the partnership is changing as a result of ..
  • Measuring Public Service Motivation: Exploring the Equivalence of Existing Global Measures.
  • 2016.05.26 Bradley E. Wright, Robert K. Christensen and Sanjay K. Pandey
  • Our ability to interpret, generalize, and build theory across public service motivation (PSM) studies is limited by lack of knowledge regarding the equivalence of different PSM measures that researchers frequently use. While past research has given considerable attention to validating multidimensional measures of PSM, this study investigates the psychometric properties of the global measures that have been used to provide much of the empirical evidence on PSM. Building on the lessons of other ..
  • Law and Public Policy.
  • 2016.05.26 Anthony Michael Kreis and Robert K. Christensen
  • Law and public policy is a dynamic, interdisciplinary area of study that has broad appeal to scholars, policymakers, and stakeholders. Scholarship in the subfield is critical to our general understanding of existing public policies and calls for future and reformed policies. While some of the subfield’s utility and commonalities are obscured by diverging methodological approaches and topical foci, this review highlights some common fibers that run through the scholarship streams from public p..
  • Motivated to Adapt? The Role of Public Service Motivation as Employees Face Organizational Change.
  • 2016.05.26 Bradley E. Wright, Robert K. Christensen and Kimberley Roussin Isett
  • Researchers concerned with organizational change have consistently emphasized the role that the work environment plays in employee acceptance of change. Underexamined in the public management literature, however, is the role that employee values, particularly public service motivation (PSM), may play in employee acceptance of change. Some scholars have noted a positive correlation between employee PSM and organizational change efforts; this article extends this work by attempting to isolate th..
  • Public Service Motivation, Task, and Nontask Behavior: A Performance Appraisal Experiment with Korean MPA and MBA Students.
  • 2016.05.26 Robert K. Christensen, Steven W. Whiting, Tobin Im, Eunju Rho, Justin M. Stritch and Jungho Park
  • Appraisals of public employees are important for a host of reasons, and particularly so with the increasing emphasis on pay-for-performance systems and performance-based management in the public sector. However, managerial appraisals of employees can be somewhat subjective and our understanding of the appraisal process in the public sector is largely U.S.-centric. In this study, we explore whether character- istics of managers, like a rater’s public service motivation (PSM), affect appraisal ..
  • Place, Time, and Philanthropy: Exploring Geographic Mobility and Philanthropic Engagement.
  • 2016.05.26 Richard M. Clerkin, Laurie E. Paarlberg, Robert K. Christensen, Rebecca A. Nesbit and Mary Tschirhart
  • America is a nation of movers, and this has implications for public and nonprofit managers who rely on donations and volunteers to increase the capacity of nonprofits and to strengthen local communities. This article explores the impact of time and place on philanthropic engagement, focusing on how three aspects of community—sense of belonging, social connections, and regional culture—are related to volunteering and giving to local organizations. The authors find that geographic mobility aff..
  • An analysis of park-and-ride provision at light rail stations across the US.
  • 2016.05.26 Michael Duncan and Robert K. Christensen
  • Whether to provide a park-and-ride facility is a key decision for transit agencies when they are planning for a new or expanded rail system. We seek to better understand the reasons behind park-and-ride provision by estimating a logit model that predicts the presence of parking at a set of new light rail stations across the US. In terms of station area attributes, this model demonstrates a relatively predictable pattern, with parking facilities more frequently occurring in lower density enviro..
  • The Rise of China and Maritime Territorial Disputes in East Asia: Comparing Approaches.
  • 2015.06.25 W. Wang and Youngmi Choi
  • Since 2000, China has expanded its sea power surpassing its past ability limited to the land. Along the China’s efforts to expand its leadership in East Asia, the ongoing crisis sparked by the maritime territorial disputes where China has involved appears to deepen. In general, there are three approaches to explain the reasons for the crisis intensification: a) China’s efforts to break a siege by the U.S. and Japan, b) China’s expanded benefits related to the debatable lands, and c) China’..
  • Domestic and Foreign Case Studies on ICT Convergence for Mental Health Improvement and Suicide Prevention.
  • 2015.06.25 H.K. Kim and D.H. Shin
  • Depression and mental illness across all age groups, and steady increasing in suicide rate are our major social problems which cause dramatically decreasing government competitiveness. While Korean government has implemented various policies to improve mental health and prevent suicide, it faces revealing issues in progress on implementation and referral management systems. The current research examined domestic and foreign cases to understand the actual status and directivity of ICT convergen..
  • US Congressional Voting on the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement: Political Institution and Ideology versus Constituent Interests.
  • 2015.06.25 Youngmi Choi
  • Scholarly studies of U.S. legislators’ voting behavior have concluded that constituent interests exercise only limited influence, but these conclusions may result from inadequate measurement. I develop new measures of economic interests that emphasize import/export (sectoral) cleavages in addition to business/labor (factoral) cleavages and, in the process, transcend geographic boundaries. Results of logistic regression analysis suggest that the interests of economic and nongeographic constitu..
  • Online Authenticity, Popularity, and the “Real Me” in a Microblogging Environment.
  • 2015.06.25 J.S. Lim, J. Nicholson, S.U. Yang and H.K. Kim
  • The purpose of the current study is to explicate the theoretical structure of online authenticity and to reveal the relationship between the need for popularity (NFP) and online authenticity. A survey-based research was conducted with 573 randomly selected active users of a popular microblogging service in South Korea. Drawing on a representative sample, we tested the discriminant validity of online authenticity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) ..
  • PSM and Turnover Intention in Public Organizations: Does Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior Play a Role?
  • 2015.06.25 Jesse W. Campbell and Tobin Im
  • Not all employees contribute equally to the performance of their organizations, and the highest performers may have a disproportionate impact on organizational success. It is thus crucial for public organizations to retain top performers. Public service motivation (PSM) has been shown to be a differentiator of various types of individual job performance, and has also been linked to reduced turnover intention. This study examines the relationship between PSM, change-oriented organizational citi..
  • A Study on the Independent Development of International Relations Theories in South Korea, China, and Japan.
  • 2015.06.25 Jongsung Lee, Youngduk Jang and Youngmi Choi
  • After World War II, the field of international relations produced a significant increase in studies in the three main countries in Northeast Asia South Korea, China, and Japan primarily relying on theories developed from the West. However, there have been a number of movements from these three countries to develop their own international relations theories. This study aims to trace the movements in each country and compare their collective theoretical achievements. We find that due to facing d..
  • Two Faces of Government-Business Relations During South Korea's Developmental Period.
  • 2015.06.25 Jesse W. Campbell and Wonhyuk Cho
  • South Korea's economic development has been characterized as a miracle due to its unprecedented speed and success. However, it has also been noted that a high level of distributive equity and poverty reduction were achieved in parallel with rapid growth. This paper argues that the first-order development goals of the state throughout the 1960s and 1970s were pursued in such a manner so as to be maximally inclusive of citizens in the developmental project. It is further argued that the country'..
  • Internet, Trust in Government, and Citizen Compliance.
  • 2015.06.25 Tobin Im, Wonhyuk Cho, Greg Porumbescu and Jungho Park
  • This research investigates how levels of citizen trust in government and compliance are affected by citizens' use of the Internet. Starting from the premise that information is a key determinant of public opinion and citizen behavior, this research explores the extent to which the time that citizens spend on the Internet affects their trust in government and compliance with government policies, compared with the influence of the traditional, offline, mass media modalities, such as newspapers. ..
  • Public Officials’ Trust in Other Agencies and Citizens: The Role of Communication in Local Government in South Korea.
  • 2015.06.25 Jungho Park, Seyeong Cha and Tobin Im
  • As the concept of trust becomes a full-fledged theme in various social sciences, confusion regarding its definition, dimensions, and usages has also surged. Despite the increasing attention paid to the importance of trust in public organizations for effective public-service delivery in the context of complex interplay of multiple agencies, relatively little attention has been paid to the conceptual components and antecedents of trust at the level of the public official. Bearing this point in m..
  • Bureaucracy in Three Different Worlds: The Assumptions of Failed Public Sector Reforms in Korea.
  • 2015.06.25 Tobin Im
  • Why is it so difficult to implement Western reform programs in Asian bureaucracies? To address this question, this study explores cultural aspects of national bureaucracies. A government bureaucracy is shaped by its cultural and historical context, and this paper specifically focuses on contrasting models of government bureaucracy in the USA, Korea, and Germany. Differences between the models are explained by examining both internal operations as well as the relative relationships of the state..
  • Development, Diversification, and Legitimacy: Emergence of the Committee-Based Administrative Model in South Korea
  • 2015.06.25 Dong-Hwan Kim and Jesse W. Campbell
  • Recently, a committee-based policy making model has become an important element of South Korea’s administrative toolkit. However, most scholars and politicians recognize the inefficiency of this type of decision-making model. Why, then, does the committee-based model continue to gain traction? Taking an institutional perspective, this paper details the processes at work in the legitimation of administrative models in the Korean context, and proposes a framework for understanding how the commi..
  • The relationship between religion and corruption: are the proposed causal links empirically valid?.
  • 2015.06.25 Kilkon Ko and Seong-Gin Moon
  • There is a growing interest in understanding how religion affects corruption. Many empirical studies have suggested that countries with strong hierarchical religions (such as Islam, Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity) are more likely to suffer from corruption. These results are, however, controversial, largely due to the lack of empirical validity of the causal (or theoretical) links that explain such a relationship: obedience to authority, negative culture reinforcement, amoral familism an..
  • Internal Efficiency and Turnover Intention - Evidence from Local Government in South Korea.
  • 2015.06.25 Jesse W. Campbell, Tobin Im and Jisu Jeong
  • All around the world, public organizations have faced strong pressures to improve performance and generally "do more with less," particularly following the global slowdown of 2008. This article examines the effects of organizational emphasis on efficiency in local government using data from a large survey of civil servants in South Korea. Findings from a fixed effects analysis indicate that higher levels of efficiency emphasis are related to stronger employee turnover intention. However, a num..
  • Examining the distinctiveness of antecedents to trust in government: Evidence from South Korea.
  • 2015.06.25 Gregory A. Porumbescu and Yoonhwan Park
  • Approaches to understanding trust in government are likely to be incomplete if they are only applied to trust and not government as well. As such, this study builds upon existing attempts to understand trust in government by deconstructing the terms trust and government and assessing the relationships among the various components within South Korea. To analyse the antecedents of trust in government, multiple regression analyses are used to assess The Social Trust Public Opinion Survey (2004), ..
  • Identification and Performance Management: An Assessment of Change-Oriented Behavior in Public Organizations.
  • 2015.06.25 Jesse W. Campbell
  • This study develops a theoretical framework linking performance management (PM) to change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, an extra-role employee activity aimed at improving organizational functioning by introducing micro-level change. The role of organizational identification as a mediating mechanism linking PM to change-oriented behavior is also explored. Using survey data gathered from employees of central government ministries in South Korea, structural equation modeling and b..
  • A Study of Internationally-Comparable Indices of ICT Development: Scope, Measures, and Limitations.
  • 2015.06.25 Wonhyuk Cho and Seyeong Cha
  • This study aims at analyzing the characteristics of internationally-comparable indices that measure level of ICT development. The indices that were analyzed were the Digital Economy Rankings by the EIU, the Network Readiness Index by the WEF, the ICT Development Index by the ITU, and the E-Government Index by the UN. These indices were found to have different scopes, measures, weightings, and emphases, which result in different country rankings. Even though the ICT indices are useful in compar..
  • The Conceptualization of Government Competitiveness: Seoul Citizen Attitudes towards the Components of Government Competitiveness.
  • 2015.06.25 Hyun Kuk Lee
  • Previous concepts and components of national competitiveness and government competitiveness were constructed solely by experts. Alfred Ho and Tobin Im criticized these concepts for focusing on a business-friendly environment, and that the measurements had been done mainly on entrepreneurs and their businesses. Ho and Im have tried to suggest a new citizen-oriented concept of government competitiveness, but it is still considered to be expert-oriented. This study utilizes a citizen survey to ex..
  • A Challenge for Making Public Administration a Social Science?: Time Study.
  • 2015.06.25 Tobin Im and Jisu Jeong
  • What is the best way to theorize researches of public administration, a study of enhancing government competitiveness? Public administration researches should go along with solid theories from a science point of view. In Korea, lacking of theoretical foundation on public sector researches, public administration is in the identity crisis. This study shed light on the possibility of upgrading Korean public administration to a normal social science in terms of T. Kuhn’s framework. Specifically, ..
  • The Effects of Government’s Information-Providing on Trust in Government and Service Satisfaction: Seoul Metropolitan Case.
  • 2015.06.25 Jungho Park
  • This research aims to present more concrete evidence for the importance of government`s efforts to provide sufficient and accurate information to citizens via various communication channels. For this purpose, this research investigates the role of government`s information-providing to citizens to enhance trust in government and service satisfaction. Given that citizens` trust in government and satisfaction are subjective cognition or attitude, more sufficient and accurate information is likely..
  • Organizational Changes in the Korean Central Government: Historical Perspective.
  • 2015.06.25 Tobin Im
  • This paper investigates any precursor to the central government‘s organizational reforms in Korea. The research has started from questioning what factors create, abolish, expand, or downsize the ministries of the central government. This study examines the role of the government in reshaping ministrial structures. First, while the government takes initiatives in organizational reforms primarily during the pre-democratization era, the number of environment-dependent reforms have been increasin..
  • The Analysis on the Existence and the Factors of Welfare Trap in Korean Financial Support Programs for Job Creation.
  • 2015.06.25 Kilkon Ko, Hyunwoo Tak and Daejoong Kim
  • This study examines whether a welfare trap exists in “Korean Financial Support Programs for Job Creation,” and analyzes the causes and policy implications of this potential welfare trap. Despite the challenges that welfare traps pose for job creation programs, preceding works have mainly focused on the economic impact of the program based on employment rate. These have neglected to present thoughtful empirical study regarding the existence and causes of the welfare trap in the program. While..
  • Perceived Public Service Outcome and Happiness.
  • 2015.06.25 Hyun Kuk Lee and Min Ah Lee
  • Why should governments focus on happiness? In discussions about new public management, the public administration field has concentrated on how governments provide efficient and effective public service to their citizens. Meanwhile, few studies have directed attention towards the happiness of citizens, which is the central purpose of human life. This study explores the extent of governments’ contributions to the happiness of their citizens and, further, the types of public services that curren..
  • Challenges in Building Effective and Competitive Government in Developing Countries: An Institutional Logics Perspective.
  • 2015.06.25 Alfred Tak-Kei Ho and Tobin Im
  • For the past two decades, many developing countries have begun to experiment with results-oriented reforms to make their governments more competitive. However, very few studies explore the question of the applicability and appropriateness of Western-oriented reforms in non-Western contexts. Based on theories of new institutionalism and institutional logics, this article examines some of the organizational, cultural, and political assumptions that are implicit in Western-styled reforms; how the..
  • Revisiting Confucian Bureaucracy: Roots of the Korean Government's Culture and Competitiveness.
  • 2015.06.25 Tobin Im, Jesse W. Campbell and Seyeong Cha
  • This paper looks at Korea's Chosun dynasty bureaucracy and the Neo-Confucian principles that formed the basis of its governing philosophy. We argue that Korea's traditional bureaucracy had a number of modern characteristics, including a system of formal and informal checks on the powers of the sovereign and a decision-making system that encouraged deliberation among highly qualified civil servants. On the basis of this exposition, we also argue that there are strong links between the tradition..
  • A Cross-County Comparison of Government Competitiveness: Measures and Evaluation.
  • 2015.06.24 Tobin Im, Wonhyuk Cho, Jisu Jeong, Min Ah Lee and Seyeong Cha
  • This study attempts to measure government competitiveness of OECD countries as an exploratory step for designing internationally comparable index, taking critical view on the existing indices that lack the consideration on the role of government played in managing overall competitiveness of a country. Based on the government competitiveness concept defined in our former study, we collected comprehensive dataset regarding major sectors of government activity, and produced government competitive..
  • A Study on Influence Factors of Russian Civil Participation: Focusing on Government Satisfaction and Social Trust.
  • 2015.06.24 Tobin Im, Jisu Jeong and Yunho Kim
  • This research examines government satisfaction and social trust as the main influencing factors on civil participation of Russian citizens. In addition to these variables, characteristics of media usage as well as engagement in public organizations are also considered as influence factors. Recently, Russian citizens have low level of trust and satisfaction toward their government, and government and democracy indicators in Russia found in many international indices are also very low. The main ..
  • A Study on Foreigner Crime and Public Security Threat in Expatriates Enclave: The Characteristics of Chinese Crimes in Guro District.
  • 2015.06.24 Byunghak Kim, Kilkon Ko and Daejoong Kim
  • As South Korea gradually enters into the multicultural society, the crimes committed by expatriates are considered as a new threat of public security. Against this context, this study analyzes the characteristics and causes of Chinese immigrants" crimes focusing on Guro district in Seoul. We used the Korean Information System of Criminal Justice Services for the analysis of the status and characteristics of expatriates" crime. According to regression analysis of the data, there is no statistic..
  • Discourses and Directions of Structural Reform of Metropolitan Governments in Korea: A Study of Urban Government Competitiveness.
  • 2015.06.24 Soon Eun Kim
  • Structural reform plans of metropolitan governments in Korea suggested until now have been diverse. There is also a myriad of legislation bills proposed by members of the National Assembly. With these diversities in mind, this study aims to find an appropriate model that suits current and future conditions. In order to do this, we analyzed various cases in USA, UK, and Japan. By analyzing these cases from overseas, we confirmed that many current metropolitan governments are seeking to reform t..
  • Decentralization and Local Governance: A Perspective of Local Governance Competitiveness of Japan.
  • 2015.06.24 Soon Eun Kim
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of decentralization reform on local democracy and good local governance in Japan in terms of local governance competitiveness. Even though Japan has established a high level of mature economy, it has been heard that an authoritarian and hierarchical model of Japan has exerted a considerable power over the society and citizens by comparatively regulating the society (Shunichi, 2003). This study is supposed to investigate whether or not decentr..
  • Factors Influencing the Success of Participatory E government Applications in Romania and South Korea.
  • 2015.06.24 Greg Porumbescu, Catalin Vrabie, Jiho Ahn and Tobin Im
  • While participatory e-government is increasingly advocated, few studies have investigated whether it is feasible across all national contexts. This study investigates how certain contextual features influence the success of participatory applications of e-government. In particular, it assesses how the political, economic, and social context in which a particular government operates influence the introduction of participatory e-government, and compares participatory e-government applications in..
  • An Action System Approach to Public Organizations: The Formation of Informal Organizations.
  • 2015.06.24 Tobin Im and Byul Jeon
  • The purpose of this research is to analyze the action system of a public university cafeteria. Based on in-depth interviews and participant observations, this study reveals how a closed organization in Korean culture is naturally structured and adapts to time constraints and labor pressures brought to bear by the external environment. To be specific, this study tries to find out how informal groups are structured within the formal organizational structure and what the implications of a member`..
  • Defining a New Concept of Government Competitiveness.
  • 2015.06.24 Alfred Ho and Tobin Im
  • This paper criticizes various indexes of national competitiveness that are widely used these days and discusses the necessity of a new concept that represents the institutional capacity of a government of a country whose natural and historical conditions are different from others, National competitiveness indexes, such as IMD`s and WEF`s, for example, lack rigorous theoretical foundations and contain a lot of validity and reliability problems. Based on the arguments concerning the inherent def..
  • A Critical Review of Global Competitiveness Indices: Around the Global Competitiveness IMD and WEF Indices.
  • 2015.06.24 Kilkon Ko and Sena Park
  • Global competitiveness indices are widely employed among researchers for they are interested in comparing the status, causes, and effect of national competitiveness. In some countries, including Korea, policy makers are also keen to their ranking on the global competitiveness indices and use them for policy-making. Despite the increased application of global competitiveness indices, however, their validity and correct utilization are still questionable. This study examines the global competiti..
  • Perceptions of Factors Affecting Local Government Competitiveness.
  • 2015.06.24 Soon Eun Kim
  • This study aims to analyze the factors affecting local government competitiveness through Q methodology. Q statements, each of which represents a factor influencing local government competitiveness, are extracted from journals and books discussing those factors. The P sample consists of 40 respondents deeply involved in local government affairs, as professors and researchers, public officials, or representatives of citizen groups. This study produces three factors, each of which stands for a d..
  • The Effects of Policy Understanding on the Perception of Policy Performance by the General Public.
  • 2015.06.24 Tobin Im, Hyun-Jung Jung, and Eun-Young Kang
  • This study aims to test empirically the effect of policy understanding on the evaluation of government policies by the general public. Based on the 2010 Citizen Perception Survey conducted by The Knowledge Center for Public Administration and Policy, this paper examines whether the understanding of policy at the individual level affects the perception of the performance of public policy. Our regression analysis shows that negative evaluations of the performance of government policies on the pa..
  • Reorganization of Next Government to Enhance Government Competitiveness.
  • 2015.06.24 Tobin Im and Hyun Kuk Lee
  • The purpose of this study is to suggest directivity of government reorganization and detail reorganization plan to enhance government competitiveness. Fist, this study looks over at the purpose, cause, and history of government reorganization, and examines characteristics of erstwhile reorganizations using Crozier"s strategical analysis. The result shows that administrative effectiveness that had been claimed as a logic behind government reorganization was nothing more than a superficial objec..
  • Perceived Societal Corruption Level and Tolerance of Corruption Practices and Their Impact on the Citizens’ Intention of Corruption.
  • 2015.06.22 Kilkon Ko and Bora Lee
  • This study examines how citizens’ corruption intentions are affected by their perception of corrupt practices. Two types of corruption perception and their associated moral costs are addressed; perception of seriousness and prevalence of corruption. Using game theory, we found that these perceptions can explain the extent of moral costs and the evolutionary stability of corruption in a society. We surveyed 267 participants of the ‘Korea Public Procurement Expo 2012’ and measured their exper..
  • The Importance of Applying the Concept of ‘Space’ to the Study of Public Organization for the Government Competitiveness Enhancement.
  • 2015.06.22 Tobin Im and Hyun Kuk Lee
  • This study presents the necessity of applying the concept of ‘space’ to the study of public organization based on the comparative analysis on office layout of government of Korea, Japan and that of US. Differently from the existing view on ‘space’ that is limited to the concept of ‘physical space’, we extended the meaning of ‘space’ to more inclusive concept, ‘spaciality’, which covers from the physical space to the subjective perception on space. The elements influencing spaciality ..
  • Central Government Civil Servants’ Policy Time Perspective: To Increase Government Competitiveness.
  • 2015.06.18 Tobin Im
  • This study explores the key policies of central government departments from a time perspective based on the premise that government competitiveness increases when bureaucracy properly operates in ways regarding time. To test the hypothesis, we introduced two new concepts called “normative time span” and “real work time span” spent on performing departments’ key duties. We surveyed civil servants in 40 central government departments about both time spans (normative and real work). From the..